Seeds, crop-protection chemicals and fertilizers sell through distributors and retail dealers into a narrow sowing window. In India the kharif season follows the monsoon and rabi follows in winter, and each district starts at a different time. Product has to be in the dealer's shop before farmers come in, so it is made and positioned months ahead of the sale.
The channel runs on credit. Dealers take stock at the start of the season and pay after harvest. Liquidation, the share of channel stock that actually reaches farmers, decides what comes back as returns after the season: near-expiry chemicals, or seed lots that must be re-tested for germination. Dealers need licenses under the Insecticides Act and the Fertiliser (Control) Order to sell those products.